short stories...

Title & Author	Main Characters	Setting	Conflict
Greta Garbo D. Rosario	Monina Vargas Octavio Rivera	Train Station	Too much vanity
A Son is Born M. Arguillas	Baldo, Berting, Tia Acol, mother, father	Small town	poverty
2 Faces of Ame. C. Bulosan	Carl, Marian, Millar	Santa Maria	Racial discrimination
Sounds of Sunday K-P Tuvera	Emma Gorrez, Domingo Gorrez,  Rene, Norma	restaurant	Adultery/extra marital affairs
Summer Solstice N. Joaquin	Doña Lupeng, Don Paeng, Amada, Guido, Entoy	In a town during St. John’s day	Superiority of men
In Sipolog NVM Gonzales	Narrator, Pepe	Ship/boat	Reconnecting with the past
Except the Truth FS Jose	Luis Asperri, Dantes, Don Vicente Asperri, Col. Cruz, Gen Gutierez	Court/office	Conformity vs truth
The Execution C. Ong	Hilario/Lim Bien So, Gan So, Mario	prison	injustice
A Comrade’s Death J. Y. Dalisay JR.	Noel, Jong, Benny, Laurie	Boarding house	Unpunished crime
Bangkang Papel GD Matute	Batang lalaki (narrator)	Slum	poverty

some elements of fiction...

INCITING INCIDENT	1. The beginning of the story where the characters and the setting is revealed.
SETTING	2. Place and time of where and when the story happens.
CLIMAX	3. This is the highest point of interest and the turning point of the story
RESOLUTION	4. This is the final outcome or untangling of events in the story.
CONFLICT	5. It is the opposition of forces which ties one incident to another and makes the plot move
PLOT	6. Sequence of event arranged chronologically
CHARACTER	7. The doer of the action.
THEME	8. It is the author's underlying meaning or main idea that he is trying to convey
POINT OF VIEW	9. Is defined as the angle from which the story is told.
SHORT STORY	10. A narrative prose that has only one plot.

elements of poetry

Persona	1. It presents the voice of the poem and the one uttering the lines of a poem.
Theme	2. It carries the meaning of the poem.
Addressee	3. The receiver of the message of the poem.
Meter	4. The rhythmic attribute of poem. It is counted through the accented and unaccented syllables.
Rhyme	5. Likeness of the terminal sound of the poem
Imagery	6. This is created in the readers’ mind when interpreting the poem.
7. Colors: Painter; figures of speech : Poet
8. Paragraph : Prose; stanza: Poem
9. Sentences : Prose; lines: Poem
10. A poem may be a lyric, a ballad, a sonnet, an ode etc. this shows that poems have  form.

Figures of Speech

APOSTROPHE	1. Go to my country, go, o foreign flowers
PERSONIFICATION	2. sa iyong kandungan tinubuang lupa
METAPHOR	3. Ang pag-ibig na buko pay nakikinig pa sa aral
METAPHOR	4. Naging krus ako sa pagsuyong laing
SYNECDOCHE	5. Di na kaisipan ang nangungusap/kundi mga bibig, kamay at katawang sagana sa lagnat.
HYPERBOLE	6. At ang buong bayan ay bulking sumubo
IRONY	7. Mahadlok ko sa una ma,/Kung gutomon si papa/ Dili siya mukaon
SIMILE	8. At both of your cheeks/are like everlasting flowers
SIMILE	9. daw naga pa por kilo tamon rigya
ONOMATOPOEIA	10. The chirp of the sleepless sparrow
METAPHOR	11. At ito ang daigdig ko ngayon/ Bilangoan man di’y libingan ng patay
SYNECDOCHE	12. Kaayong pagkaladlad/ sa duha ka biyoos
EUPHEMISM	13. Sapagkat musmos siyang nawalan ng pulsos
PERSONIFICATION	14. Hubo’t hubad ang Mattresses
HYPERBOLE	15. Sun in the knifed Horizon bleeds the sky
SYNECDOCHE	16. Moment to moment/ To scale all love down
METONYMY	17. Less of flesh, more of mood
METAPHOR	18. Had split the skin of our young lizards
IRONY	19. Singing silences
HYPERBOLE	20. kaya sa pagtulog lagging kasiping/ ang kapre, tikbalang, multo, at maligno

POEMS IN PHIL LIT!

Title of the Poem	Poet	Persona	Addressee	Theme/Thought
To the flowers of Heidelberg	JOSE RIZAL	The poet	FILIPINOS	MISSING ONE’S COUNTRY
Dupluhan	MARCELO H. DEL PILLAR	POET	PHILIPPINES/THE FILIPINOS	Patriotism/ Defense for the defenseless nation
PAG-IBIG	Jose Corazon De Jesus	POET	A person in-love/ youth	DEFINITION OF LOVE
Ang Punong Kahoy	JOSE CORAZON DE JESUS	The poet	READERS	MAKE LIFE MEANINGFUL
Walang Hanggan	BR RAMOS	POET	THE ONE HE LOVES	Long Distance Love
ANG PANDAY	Amado v Hernandez	POET	To the readers	LIFE IS WHAT WE MAKE IT
Pansit	ADONIS DURADO	POET/SON	NANAY/MOTHER	Fear instead of love/domestic violence
If I were to love	P-SAMSON NELVEDA	POET	To the one he loves	CONDITIONS OF LOVING
Dyer Nanay	JOHN HINCO	Inday	Nanay	TOO MUCH AMBITION BLINDS YOU OF THE RISKS/DANGER
BLUE TROPIC	Luis Cabalquinto	POET	The readers	Missing Home/ Reminiscing life in the countryside
Isang Dipang Langit	Amado v Hernandez	The poet	READERS	HOPE BEYOND THE ANGUISH OF BEING IMPRISONED
SA BABAYE NGA NAGHUBO DIDTO SA BAYBAYON SA OBONG	Rene Estrella Amper	Poet	THE LADY BATHING IN THE BAY OF OBONG	Appreciating a woman’s “beauty”
Sa Pagkamatay ng Isang News Boy	LAMBERTO ANTONIO	Poet	Readers	SOCIAL INJUSTICE
ANG DAPAT PANIWALAAN	Jose Lacaba	Poet	READERS	Education vs Superstition
Valediction sa Hillcrest	ROLANDO TINIO	POET	The Readers	Bidding farewell to a place one got attached with
LANSCAPE II	Carlos Angeles	Poet	Readers	PAIN OF LOOSING SOMEONE YOU LOVE
Bonsai	Edith Tiempo	Poet	READERS	KEEPING THE MEMORIES
BUS RIDERS	GLORIA GALAY	poet	readers	Life is not about the destination it’s about the journey
Aletter to Pedro, US Citizen, Also known as Pete	Rene E. Amper	RENE/POET	PETE/PEDRO	DEGREDATION OF VALUES IN THE MODERN FILIPINO SOCIETY/COLONIAL MENTALITY
AND WHAT ARE WORDS	Gemino Abad	POET	READERS	Meaning of Words/Power of Words